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Zea mays

Corn

Category
plantae
Primary role
crop
Class
Magnoliopsida
Order
Poales
Family
Poaceae
Genus
Zea

Plantae | Tracheophyta | Liliopsida | Poales | Poaceae | Zea

External: GBIF #5290052

298 AI-consensus-verified claims across 7 interaction categories.

Related entities

Top entities sharing the most verified claims with Zea mays.

biocontrol 1 claim
facilitation 84 claims
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Glycine max (Edamame) · effect: beneficial
    “Intercropping maize and soybean increases efficiency of land and fertilizer nitrogen use”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Martinez D.A., Gathorne-Hardy A., Smith B.M. (2024) · Impacts of polycultural cropping on crop yields and biodiversity: A systematic map protocol · p. 11 #6492040
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “squash vines provide a living mulch...shade the soil, reducing evaporation”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Chalker-Scott L. · The Myth of Companion Plantings #6492046
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Phaseolus spp. · effect: beneficial
    “Three Sisters stands for soil regeneration, genetic diversity, and a balanced diet”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Fiebrig I.N. (ed.), Tornaghi C., McAllister G., Moeller N., Pedersen M., Sucholas J., Greinwald A., Ukhanova M., Luick R., Fiebrig I.N., van de Vijver M., van Kan C.J., Tilzey M., Stobart A., Prieto Garcia J., Vieweger A., Westaway S., Whistance L., Kümmritz S., Klocke B., Krähmer A., Johnson M., Sarabia L., Solorio F., Galindo F., González P., Sandoval Castro C.A., Torres F., Ku J., Păcurar F., Reif A., Ruşdea E., Nair M.N.B., Punniamurthy N., Venkatasubramanian P., Balasubramani S.P., Kukkupuni S.K., Weins C., Bombardi L., Peralta M.C.C., Bach A.E. (2023) · Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies #6492077
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “intercropping agricultural system of corn, beans, and squash”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Fiebrig I.N. (ed.), Tornaghi C., McAllister G., Moeller N., Pedersen M., Sucholas J., Greinwald A., Ukhanova M., Luick R., Fiebrig I.N., van de Vijver M., van Kan C.J., Tilzey M., Stobart A., Prieto Garcia J., Vieweger A., Westaway S., Whistance L., Kümmritz S., Klocke B., Krähmer A., Johnson M., Sarabia L., Solorio F., Galindo F., González P., Sandoval Castro C.A., Torres F., Ku J., Păcurar F., Reif A., Ruşdea E., Nair M.N.B., Punniamurthy N., Venkatasubramanian P., Balasubramani S.P., Kukkupuni S.K., Weins C., Bombardi L., Peralta M.C.C., Bach A.E. (2023) · Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies #6492079
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “shade of the squash leaves suppresses weeds and keeps the soil moist”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Nelson M.K., Shilling D., Cajete G., Kimmerer R.W., Whyte K., Ortiz S., Armstrong J., McGregor J., Nelson M.P., Vucetich J.A., Martinez D., Settee P., Hogan L., Wolfgramm R., Spiller C., Houkamau C., Henare M., Tsosie R. (2018) · Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learning from Indigenous Practices for Environmental Sustainability · p. 48 #6492096
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Glycine max (Edamame) · effect: beneficial
    “Maize yields are increased from 5 to 20% by rotation with soybean”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Rickerl D., Francis C., Gliessman S.R., Nicholls C.I., Altieri M.A., Janke R.R., Dobbs T.L., Flora C.B., Schumacher T.E., Caldwell R.M., Salomonsson L., Lieblein G., Helenius J., Kirschenmann F. (2004) · Agroecosystems Analysis · p. 39 #6492116
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Thalia geniculata (Bent Alligator-Flag) · effect: beneficial
    “importancia de las plantas acuáticas de los pantanos como fertilizantes”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Toledo V.M., Barrera-Bassols N. (2008) · La Memoria Biocultural: La Importancia Ecológica de las Sabidurías Tradicionales · p. 132 #6492125
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Desmodium uncinatum (Spanish tick-clover) · effect: beneficial
    “suppress the parasitic weed striga by a factor of 40 compared with maize monocrops”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Rickerl D., Francis C., Gliessman S.R., Nicholls C.I., Altieri M.A., Janke R.R., Dobbs T.L., Flora C.B., Schumacher T.E., Caldwell R.M., Salomonsson L., Lieblein G., Helenius J., Kirschenmann F. (2004) · Agroecosystems Analysis · p. 56 #6492130
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) · effect: beneficial
    “6-yr rotation involving alfalfa, corn, and soybean reduced NO3 leaching”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Rickerl D., Francis C., Gliessman S.R., Nicholls C.I., Altieri M.A., Janke R.R., Dobbs T.L., Flora C.B., Schumacher T.E., Caldwell R.M., Salomonsson L., Lieblein G., Helenius J., Kirschenmann F. (2004) · Agroecosystems Analysis · p. 84 #6492170
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus spp. · effect: beneficial
    “aprovechar los aportes de nitrógeno ofrecido por plantas fijadoras como el fríjol”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Toledo V.M., Barrera-Bassols N. (2008) · La Memoria Biocultural: La Importancia Ecológica de las Sabidurías Tradicionales · p. 166 #6492174
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Salix bonplandiana (Bonpland willow) · effect: beneficial
    “se plantaban a lo largo de los bordes de la chinampa con el fin de prevenir la erosión”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Toledo V.M., Barrera-Bassols N. (2008) · La Memoria Biocultural: La Importancia Ecológica de las Sabidurías Tradicionales · p. 162 #6492175
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “sistema de la milpa (maíz, fríjol, calabaza) y la plantación de árboles”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Toledo V.M., Barrera-Bassols N. (2008) · La Memoria Biocultural: La Importancia Ecológica de las Sabidurías Tradicionales · p. 165 #6492176
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Fabaceae (family) · effect: beneficial
    “Legumes are usually considered good plants… underlying ecological mechanism is nitrogen fixation”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Vandermeer J.H. (2011) · The Ecology of Agroecosystems · p. 43 #6492178
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Glycine max (Edamame) · effect: beneficial
    “rainfed maize–soybean rotations in the temperate central prairies”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Connor D.J., Loomis R.S., Cassman K.G. (2011) · Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems, Second Edition · p. 9 #6492182
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “fast-growing leguminous trees improve soil fertility to support food crop production”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492185
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Gliricidia sepium (Nicaraguan cocoashade) · effect: beneficial
    “leaves high in N, low in lignin, low in polyphenols will decompose quickly”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492186
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Sesbania sesban (Egyptian Riverhemp) · effect: beneficial
    “nitrate-N to 4-m soil depth was only 51 kg N/ha in a 15-month S. sesban fallow”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492187
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Calliandra calothyrsus (calliandra) · effect: beneficial
    “fast-growing trees rapidly root into nitrate-accumulation zone inaccessible to maize”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492188
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Faidherbia albida (anatree) · effect: beneficial
    “tree effect results from cumulative benefits of BNF, nutrient cycling, and nutrient accumulation under trees”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492191
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “fine-root-biomass production by L. leucocephala was only 510 kg/ha during a cropping season of about 120 days”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492197
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “Leaf nitrogen contributed a significant 23 percent increase in maize yields”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Altieri M.A., Farrell J.G., Hecht S.B., Liebman M., Magdoff F., Murphy B., Norgaard R.B., Sikor T.O. (1995) · Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture · p. 156 #6492198
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) · effect: beneficial
    “black locust is a nitrogen fixer and also produces pest-resistant wood”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Altieri M.A., Farrell J.G., Hecht S.B., Liebman M., Magdoff F., Murphy B., Norgaard R.B., Sikor T.O. (1995) · Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture · p. 162 #6492203
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Acacia spp. · effect: beneficial
    “fertilized their crops with litter from nearby Acacia forests, as is traditional”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Altieri M.A., Farrell J.G., Hecht S.B., Liebman M., Magdoff F., Murphy B., Norgaard R.B., Sikor T.O. (1995) · Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture · p. 166 #6492204
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “beans may positively effect an environment that has more nitrogen”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Vandermeer J.H. (2011) · The Ecology of Agroecosystems · p. 73 #6492214
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: context_dependent
    “maize plant uses phosphorous from the environment”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Vandermeer J.H. (2011) · The Ecology of Agroecosystems · p. 78 #6492215
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “LER_Y = 800/1200 + 600/800 = 1.42”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Connor D.J., Loomis R.S., Cassman K.G. (2011) · Crop Ecology: Productivity and Management in Agricultural Systems, Second Edition · p. 63 #6492221
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Sesbania sesban (Egyptian Riverhemp) · effect: beneficial
    “maize following S. sesban was 4.6 Mg ha–1 without added K fertilizer”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492230
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “hedgerows produced 8 to 12 Mg ha–1 yr–1 of prunings which increased SOM”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492231
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “N contribution of roots, nodules … equivalent to 32 kg N ha–1 on maize”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492232
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Faidherbia albida (anatree) · effect: beneficial
    “maize yields were increased by more than 100% in Malawi and 76% in Ethiopia”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492233
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cajanus cajan (Congo-pea) · effect: beneficial
    “one-year monocrops of pigeonpea … increased subsequent maize yield by 57%”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492237
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cajanus cajan (Congo-pea) · effect: beneficial
    “maize yield following a three-year-old pigeonpea fallow was 55% higher”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492238
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Tephrosia candida (White Hoarypea) · effect: beneficial
    “two-year fallow of Tephrosia candida increased yield of subsequent maize by 1.5 Mg ha–1 (or 157%)”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492239
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel tephrosia) · effect: beneficial
    “a one-year fallow of this species increased yield of the first sequential crop (maize) by 72%”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492240
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Gliricidia sepium (Nicaraguan cocoashade) · effect: beneficial
    “Gliricidia sepium alone or mixed with C. calothyrsus”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492244
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Calliandra calothyrsus (calliandra) · effect: beneficial
    “C. calothyrsus (312 kg N ha–1) … reduced soil nitrate throughout the 2-m-deep soil profile”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492245
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Grevillea robusta (Australian silky-oak) · effect: context_dependent
    “soil nitrate increased rather than decreased during the 11 months after establishment”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492247
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “Unmulched hedgerows were effective in reducing annual runoff by up to 55%”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492272
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Grevillea robusta (Australian silky-oak) · effect: beneficial
    “increased maize yields in rows on the windward side of Grevillea robusta hedgerows”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492273
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leucaena leucocephala (Horse/wild tamarind, Jumbie bean, Lead tree, Leucaena) · effect: beneficial
    “equilibrium infiltration rates were greater in Leucaena leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium plots”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Buck L.E., Lassoie J.P., Fernandes E.C.M. (1999) · Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems #6492275
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Desmodium uncinatum (Spanish tick-clover) · effect: beneficial
    “silverleaf intercropped with maize repels stemborers”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gurr G.M., Wratten S.D., Altieri M.A. (2004) · Ecological Engineering for Pest Management: Advances in Habitat Manipulation for Arthropods · p. 46 #6492487
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus spp. · effect: beneficial
    “intercropping agricultural system of corn, beans, and squash”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Fiebrig I.N. (ed.), Tornaghi C., McAllister G., Moeller N., Pedersen M., Sucholas J., Greinwald A., Ukhanova M., Luick R., Fiebrig I.N., van de Vijver M., van Kan C.J., Tilzey M., Stobart A., Prieto Garcia J., Vieweger A., Westaway S., Whistance L., Kümmritz S., Klocke B., Krähmer A., Johnson M., Sarabia L., Solorio F., Galindo F., González P., Sandoval Castro C.A., Torres F., Ku J., Păcurar F., Reif A., Ruşdea E., Nair M.N.B., Punniamurthy N., Venkatasubramanian P., Balasubramani S.P., Kukkupuni S.K., Weins C., Bombardi L., Peralta M.C.C., Bach A.E. (2023) · Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies #6492801
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “intercropping agricultural system of corn, beans, and squash”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Fiebrig I.N. (ed.), Tornaghi C., McAllister G., Moeller N., Pedersen M., Sucholas J., Greinwald A., Ukhanova M., Luick R., Fiebrig I.N., van de Vijver M., van Kan C.J., Tilzey M., Stobart A., Prieto Garcia J., Vieweger A., Westaway S., Whistance L., Kümmritz S., Klocke B., Krähmer A., Johnson M., Sarabia L., Solorio F., Galindo F., González P., Sandoval Castro C.A., Torres F., Ku J., Păcurar F., Reif A., Ruşdea E., Nair M.N.B., Punniamurthy N., Venkatasubramanian P., Balasubramani S.P., Kukkupuni S.K., Weins C., Bombardi L., Peralta M.C.C., Bach A.E. (2023) · Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies #6492802
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Mucuna pruriens (Cowitch) · effect: beneficial
    “it has been shown to benefit main crop yield”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Fiebrig I.N. (ed.), Tornaghi C., McAllister G., Moeller N., Pedersen M., Sucholas J., Greinwald A., Ukhanova M., Luick R., Fiebrig I.N., van de Vijver M., van Kan C.J., Tilzey M., Stobart A., Prieto Garcia J., Vieweger A., Westaway S., Whistance L., Kümmritz S., Klocke B., Krähmer A., Johnson M., Sarabia L., Solorio F., Galindo F., González P., Sandoval Castro C.A., Torres F., Ku J., Păcurar F., Reif A., Ruşdea E., Nair M.N.B., Punniamurthy N., Venkatasubramanian P., Balasubramani S.P., Kukkupuni S.K., Weins C., Bombardi L., Peralta M.C.C., Bach A.E. (2023) · Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies · p. 70 #6492925
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Vicia villosa (Bonte wikke) · effect: beneficial
    “contribute nitrogen to the main crop”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Andow D.A., Ragsdale D.W., Nyvall R.F. (1997) · Ecological Interactions and Biological Control · p. 178 #6493069
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Poa pratensis (English Meadow Grass) · effect: beneficial
    “the higher OM soil grew bluegrass sod during the same period”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brady N.C., Weil R.R. (2017) · The Nature and Properties of Soils, Fifteenth Edition · p. 172 #6493901
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Solanum tuberosum (Irish Potato) · effect: beneficial
    “rotation with legumes, corn, or other unrelated crops reduces potato pathogens”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 350 #6493942
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Mucuna pruriens (Cowitch) · effect: beneficial
    “covering the soil with a nitrogen-rich mulch into which the next corn crop will be planted”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 103 #6494044
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) · effect: beneficial
    “alternating it with a nitrogen-fixing leguminous crop like alfalfa can reduce the need for nitrogen-rich amendments”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 126 #6494055
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Poaceae (family) · effect: beneficial
    “cover crops: reduced soil erosion, improved soil structure, enhanced soil fertility, suppression of weeds”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 175 #6494213
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leguminosae (family) · effect: beneficial
    “cover crops particularly leguminous ones tilled into the soil, organic matter called green manure”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 175 #6494215
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leguminosae (family) · effect: beneficial
    “nitrogen-fixing legumes and associated crop plants”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 189 #6494216
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita pepo (Squash / Pumpkin) · effect: beneficial
    “traditional corn-bean-squash intercrop brings together three different but complementary crops”
    interactsWith ✓ 1/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 189 #6494217
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Glycine max (Edamame) · effect: beneficial
    “rotating maize with soybean. Severe damage in maize caused by D. virgifera”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Dent D. (2000) · Insect Pest Management, 2nd Edition · p. 335 #6494813
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Tithonia diversifolia (Boustouani) · effect: beneficial
    “Tithonia green manure improved maize yields in sub-Saharan Africa”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Bezner Kerr R., Madsen S., Stuber M., Liebert J., Enloe S., Borghino N., Parros P., Mutyambai D., Prudhon M., Wezel A. (2021) · Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review #6495163
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Leguminosae (family) · effect: beneficial
    “legume-maize intercropping improved yields through nitrogen fixation”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Bezner Kerr R., Madsen S., Stuber M., Liebert J., Enloe S., Borghino N., Parros P., Mutyambai D., Prudhon M., Wezel A. (2021) · Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review #6495166
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Faidherbia albida (anatree) · effect: beneficial
    “Faidherbia albida improved maize yields in Zambia and Malawi”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Bezner Kerr R., Madsen S., Stuber M., Liebert J., Enloe S., Borghino N., Parros P., Mutyambai D., Prudhon M., Wezel A. (2021) · Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review #6495167
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Gliricidia sepium (Nicaraguan cocoashade) · effect: beneficial
    “Gliricidia green manure improved maize yields in Malawi”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Bezner Kerr R., Madsen S., Stuber M., Liebert J., Enloe S., Borghino N., Parros P., Mutyambai D., Prudhon M., Wezel A. (2021) · Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review #6495169
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Vigna unguiculata (Blackeyed Pea) · effect: beneficial
    “cowpea-maize intercropping improved yields and dietary diversity”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Bezner Kerr R., Madsen S., Stuber M., Liebert J., Enloe S., Borghino N., Parros P., Mutyambai D., Prudhon M., Wezel A. (2021) · Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review #6495170
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “bean-maize milpa intercropping improved food security in Latin America”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Bezner Kerr R., Madsen S., Stuber M., Liebert J., Enloe S., Borghino N., Parros P., Mutyambai D., Prudhon M., Wezel A. (2021) · Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review #6495171
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Fabaceae (family) · effect: beneficial
    “legumes fix nitrogen benefiting companion crops in diversified systems”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    HLPE (High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition) (2019) · Agroecological and Other Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems that Enhance Food Security and Nutrition #6495211
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “legumes can contribute up to 15% of the N in an intercropped cereal”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brooker R.W., Bennett A.E., Cong W.-F., Daniell T.J., George T.S., Hallett P.D., Hawes C., Iannetta P.P.M., Jones H.G., Karley A.J., Li L., McKenzie B.M., Pakeman R.J., Paterson E., Schob C., Shen J., Squire G., Watson C.A., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J., White P.J. (2015) · Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology · p. 110 #6495222
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “Squash acts as groundcover during the early season, reducing competition with early-season weeds and water losses by evaporation”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brooker R.W., Bennett A.E., Cong W.-F., Daniell T.J., George T.S., Hallett P.D., Hawes C., Iannetta P.P.M., Jones H.G., Karley A.J., Li L., McKenzie B.M., Pakeman R.J., Paterson E., Schob C., Shen J., Squire G., Watson C.A., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J., White P.J. (2015) · Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology · p. 109 #6495223
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Vigna unguiculata (Blackeyed Pea) · effect: beneficial
    “peanut, cowpea, potato, sweet potato, maize, beans and brassica, secrete organic acids and phosphatases”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brooker R.W., Bennett A.E., Cong W.-F., Daniell T.J., George T.S., Hallett P.D., Hawes C., Iannetta P.P.M., Jones H.G., Karley A.J., Li L., McKenzie B.M., Pakeman R.J., Paterson E., Schob C., Shen J., Squire G., Watson C.A., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J., White P.J. (2015) · Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology · p. 110 #6495226
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Brassica spp. · effect: beneficial
    “brassica, maize, beet and squash, acidify their rhizosphere and secrete organic acids and phosphatases”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brooker R.W., Bennett A.E., Cong W.-F., Daniell T.J., George T.S., Hallett P.D., Hawes C., Iannetta P.P.M., Jones H.G., Karley A.J., Li L., McKenzie B.M., Pakeman R.J., Paterson E., Schob C., Shen J., Squire G., Watson C.A., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J., White P.J. (2015) · Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology · p. 110 #6495227
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Glycine max (Edamame) · effect: beneficial
    “intercrops with maize... yield gains... about four times as large”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Li C., Hoffland E., Kuyper T.W., Yu Y., Zhang C., Li H., Zhang F., van der Werf W. (2020) · Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains · p. 1 #6495294
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Pisum sativum (Pea) · effect: beneficial
    “reduced N fertilizer input at the early cogrowth stage in maize/pea intercropping improves N2 fixation”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Li C., Hoffland E., Kuyper T.W., Yu Y., Zhang C., Li H., Zhang F., van der Werf W. (2020) · Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains · p. 5 #6495295
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Vicia faba (Bell-bean) · effect: beneficial
    “Legumes such as pea... faba bean... were the most common companion species”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Li C., Hoffland E., Kuyper T.W., Yu Y., Zhang C., Li H., Zhang F., van der Werf W. (2020) · Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains · p. 3 #6495296
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Arachis hypogaea ((jordnøtt)) · effect: beneficial
    “pea... faba bean, soybean and peanut... most common companion species”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Li C., Hoffland E., Kuyper T.W., Yu Y., Zhang C., Li H., Zhang F., van der Werf W. (2020) · Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains · p. 3 #6495297
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 · effect: beneficial
    “antimicrobial DIMBOA selectively attracts this plant-beneficial bacterium”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Berendsen R.L., Pieterse C.M.J., Bakker P.A.H.M. (2012) · The rhizosphere microbiome and plant health · p. 482 #6495560
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cucurbita spp. · effect: beneficial
    “Squash acts as groundcover during the early season, reducing competition with early-season weeds”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brooker R.W., Bennett A.E., Cong W.-F., Daniell T.J., George T.S., Hallett P.D., Hawes C., Iannetta P.P.M., Jones H.G., Karley A.J., Li L., McKenzie B.M., Pakeman R.J., Paterson E., Schob C., Shen J., Squire G., Watson C.A., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J., White P.J. (2015) · Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology #6495579
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “legumes can contribute up to 15% of the N in an intercropped cereal”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Brooker R.W., Bennett A.E., Cong W.-F., Daniell T.J., George T.S., Hallett P.D., Hawes C., Iannetta P.P.M., Jones H.G., Karley A.J., Li L., McKenzie B.M., Pakeman R.J., Paterson E., Schob C., Shen J., Squire G., Watson C.A., Zhang C., Zhang F., Zhang J., White P.J. (2015) · Improving intercropping: a synthesis of research in agronomy, plant physiology and ecology #6495580
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Desmodium spp. (desmodium) · effect: beneficial
    “Inclusion of a Desmodium companion crop triples corn yield”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Kuepper G., Dodson M., Duncan J. (2016) · Companion Planting & Botanical Pesticides: Concepts & Resources #6495592
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Vicia faba (Bell-bean) · effect: beneficial
    “Maize/Faba bean intercropping with Rhizobia inoculation enhances productivity”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Kuepper G., Dodson M., Duncan J. (2016) · Companion Planting & Botanical Pesticides: Concepts & Resources · p. 5 #6495594
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “the crop was usually planted between the corn rows at the last cultivation”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Krauss F.G. (1932) · Commercial Vegetable Production in Hawaii · p. 61 #6495630
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Trifolium pratense (Chilean Clover) · effect: beneficial
    “Medium red clover companion seeded with oats... 163 bu./A for red clover”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Clark A. (editor) (2007) · Managing Cover Crops Profitably (Third Edition) #6495960
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Vicia villosa (Bonte wikke) · effect: beneficial
    “167 bu./A for hairy vetch, compared with a no legume/no N fertilizer yield of 134”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Clark A. (editor) (2007) · Managing Cover Crops Profitably (Third Edition) #6495961
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Solanum lycopersicum (Garden Tomato) · effect: beneficial
    “Sow 5-6 rows of barrier crops like maize, jowar or bajra around the tomato plot”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, SRTT Project · How to Grow Tomato · p. 2 #6496064
  • This entity is the subject of facilitation on Solanum lycopersicum (Garden Tomato) · effect: beneficial
    “Rotate with non-host crops, such as rice and maize”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, SRTT Project · How to Grow Tomato · p. 2 #6496071
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cajanus cajan (Congo-pea) · effect: beneficial
    “SP rotation substantively improved fertilizer efficiency by 53% (MPTF), 81% (Songani), and 120%”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Snapp S.S., Blackie M.J., Gilbert R.A., Bezner-Kerr R., Kanyama-Phiri G.Y. (2010) · Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa · p. 20842 #6496286
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Mucuna pruriens (Cowitch) · effect: beneficial
    “SP rotation and monoculture maize produced similar amounts of grain on a 2-y basis”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Snapp S.S., Blackie M.J., Gilbert R.A., Bezner-Kerr R., Kanyama-Phiri G.Y. (2010) · Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa · p. 20842 #6496287
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel tephrosia) · effect: beneficial
    “tephrosia-maize SP intercrop produced the same quantity of maize grain as monoculture maize”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Snapp S.S., Blackie M.J., Gilbert R.A., Bezner-Kerr R., Kanyama-Phiri G.Y. (2010) · Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa · p. 20842 #6496288
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Arachis hypogaea ((jordnøtt)) · effect: beneficial
    “fertilized peanut-maize rotation produced 25% less grain around the country”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Snapp S.S., Blackie M.J., Gilbert R.A., Bezner-Kerr R., Kanyama-Phiri G.Y. (2010) · Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa · p. 20841 #6496289
  • This entity is the object of facilitation by Cajanus cajan (Congo-pea) · effect: context_dependent
    “pigeonpea-maize intercrop produced ~15% less (MPTF and Songani) or the same amount”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Snapp S.S., Blackie M.J., Gilbert R.A., Bezner-Kerr R., Kanyama-Phiri G.Y. (2010) · Biodiversity can support a greener revolution in Africa · p. 20841 #6496290
herbivory 76 claims
mutualism 9 claims
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Phaseolus spp. · effect: beneficial
    “Beans are nitrogen-fixers and continually supply this macronutrient”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Chalker-Scott L. · The Myth of Companion Plantings #6492044
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Phaseolus spp. · effect: beneficial
    “Three Sisters stands for soil regeneration, genetic diversity”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Fiebrig I.N. (ed.), Tornaghi C., McAllister G., Moeller N., Pedersen M., Sucholas J., Greinwald A., Ukhanova M., Luick R., Fiebrig I.N., van de Vijver M., van Kan C.J., Tilzey M., Stobart A., Prieto Garcia J., Vieweger A., Westaway S., Whistance L., Kümmritz S., Klocke B., Krähmer A., Johnson M., Sarabia L., Solorio F., Galindo F., González P., Sandoval Castro C.A., Torres F., Ku J., Păcurar F., Reif A., Ruşdea E., Nair M.N.B., Punniamurthy N., Venkatasubramanian P., Balasubramani S.P., Kukkupuni S.K., Weins C., Bombardi L., Peralta M.C.C., Bach A.E. (2023) · Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies #6492078
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “nitrogen-fixing beans were planted with corn, providing needed fertilizer”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Nelson M.K., Shilling D., Cajete G., Kimmerer R.W., Whyte K., Ortiz S., Armstrong J., McGregor J., Nelson M.P., Vucetich J.A., Martinez D., Settee P., Hogan L., Wolfgramm R., Spiller C., Houkamau C., Henare M., Tsosie R. (2018) · Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learning from Indigenous Practices for Environmental Sustainability · p. 48 #6492095
  • This entity is the subject of mutualism on Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “fixed nitrogen from legumes is available to the cereal, thereby improving nutritional quality”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Altieri M.A., Farrell J.G., Hecht S.B., Liebman M., Magdoff F., Murphy B., Norgaard R.B., Sikor T.O. (1995) · Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture · p. 113 #6492147
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Glomeromycota (phylum) · effect: beneficial
    “Species of fungi from the Glomeromycota confirmed to form arbuscular mycorrhizas with Zea mays”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Smith S.E., Read D. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 39 #6492708
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Glomus fasciculatus · effect: beneficial
    “Arbuscules in grasses were generally larger than in the non-grasses”
    mutualistOf ✓ 1/2 AI critics agreed
    Smith S.E., Read D. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 70 #6492769
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Glomus mosseae · effect: beneficial
    “major effect of G. mosseae on root growth of a maize mutant”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Smith S.E., Read D. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 82 #6492779
  • This entity is the subject of mutualism on Phaseolus vulgaris (Bean) · effect: beneficial
    “traditional corn-bean-squash polyculture discussed later in this chapter is an illustrative example”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Gliessman S.R. (2022) · Agroecology: The Ecology of Sustainable Food Systems, Fourth Edition · p. 174 #6494214
  • This entity is the object of mutualism by Glycine max (Edamame) · effect: beneficial
    “Intercropping maize and soybean increases efficiency of land and fertilizer nitrogen use”
    mutualistOf ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Li C., Hoffland E., Kuyper T.W., Yu Y., Zhang C., Li H., Zhang F., van der Werf W. (2020) · Syndromes of production in intercropping impact yield gains · p. 6 #6495302
pathogen pressure 67 claims
pest pressure 60 claims
provides refuge 1 claim
  • This entity is the subject of provides refuge on Bemisia tabaci (Cotton whitefly, Sweet potato whitefly, Tobacco Whitefly) · effect: beneficial
    “Maize also can be grown as a barrier crop along the borders”
    interactsWith ✓ 2/2 AI critics agreed
    Macharia J., Titley M., Aloyce A., Samali S. (2016) · Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices for whitefly in tomato, pepper, chili and eggplant crops in Africa · p. 2 #6496138

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