Pinus mugo

Genus-level evidence

31 claims where the source named the organism only at the genus or collective level (e.g. Pinus sp.) and did not determine the species. Listed separately because they apply to the genus, not specifically to Pinus mugo.

• herbivory · Neodiprion sertifer → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Losses in forest trees caused by defoliating pests such as sawflies (e.g. Neodiprion sertifer)”

  Dent D. (2000) · Insect Pest Management, 2nd Edition · p. 53 #6492392
• herbivory · Choristoneura fumiferana → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “also feed on larch, pine, hemlock, and white, red, and blue spruce”

  Pedigo L.P. (2002) · Entomology and Pest Management, Fourth Edition · p. 187 #6492737
• herbivory · Neodiprion sertifer → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “defoliating pests such as sawflies (e.g. Neodiprion sertifer)”

  Dent D. (2000) · Insect Pest Management, 2nd Edition · p. 53 #6492922
• herbivory · Ips spp. → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Losses from bark beetles, Ips species, in pine are least likely if logging operations are completed during the fall or winter months”

  Pedigo L.P., Rice M.E. (2009) · Entomology and Pest Management, Fourth Edition · p. 377 #6493438
• herbivory · Rhyacionia buoliana → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana, a pest of pine plantations”

  Pedigo L.P., Rice M.E. (2009) · Entomology and Pest Management, Fourth Edition · p. 353 #6493531
• mutualism · Pisolithus tinctorius → Pinus spp. · effect: beneficial

  “compatible and incompatible isolates of Pisolithus tinctorius”

  Smith S.E., Read D.J. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 217 #6494010
• mutualism · Lactarius deliciosus → Pinus spp. · effect: beneficial

  “L. deliciosus in symbiosis with Pinus”

  Smith S.E., Read D.J. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 226 #6494012
• mutualism · Wilcoxina spp. → Pinus spp. · effect: beneficial

  “later replaced by ectomycorrhizas formed by slender hyphae”

  Smith S.E., Read D.J. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 274 #6494019
• mutualism · Laccaria laccata → Pinus spp. · effect: beneficial

  “biomass of L. laccata seedlings was 21 times non-mycorrhizal plants”

  Smith S.E., Read D.J. (2008) · Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Third Edition · p. 296 #6494192
• pathogen pressure · Heterobasidion annosum → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “use of Peniophora gigantea as a pine stump protectant against Heterobasidion (Fomes) annosus”

  Andow D.A., Ragsdale D.W., Nyvall R.F. (1997) · Ecological Interactions and Biological Control · p. 130 #6493047
• pathogen pressure · Heterobasidion annosum → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “fungus Heterobasidion annosum that causes root and butt rot of pines”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) #6493170
• pathogen pressure · Cronartium ribicola → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Blister canker on a pine tree in which the bark and phloem have been killed by the fungus Cronartium ribicola”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 115 #6493286
• pathogen pressure · Cronartium spp. → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “several rusts of pine trees caused by Cronartium sp.”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 119 #6493287
• pathogen pressure · Cronartium spp. → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Western pine gall caused by the fungus Cronartium sp.”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 196 #6493758
• pathogen pressure · Cronartium ribicola → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “white pine blister rust (3-6 years)”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 271 #6493863
• pathogen pressure · Lophodermium pinastri → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “in the Lophodermium needle blight of pine, ozone exposure increases the severity”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 262 #6493864
• pathogen pressure · Phytophthora → Pinus · effect: harmful

  “pine seedlings in nursery killed by Phytophthora.”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 415 #6494100
• pathogen pressure · Mycosphaerella pini → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “M. pini needle blights of pine”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 458 #6494130
• pathogen pressure · Lophodermium spp. → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Lophodermium, causing pine needle cast”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 394 #6494252
• pathogen pressure · Armillaria ostoyae → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Armillaria root rot, caused primarily by Armillaria ostoyae”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 603 #6494436
• pathogen pressure · Heterobasidion annosum → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Pine trees show thinning foliage, dieback, and decline due to infection... Heterobasidion annosum”

  Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 605 #6494437
• pathogen pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “the emerging plant pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus”

  Jones J.T., Haegeman A., Danchin E.G.J., Gaur H.S., Helder J., Jones M.G.K., Kikuchi T., Manzanilla-Lopez R., Palomares-Rius J.E., Wesemael W.M.L., Perry R.N. (2013) · Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology · p. 959 #6495277
• pathogen pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and in Europe”

  Jones J.T., Haegeman A., Danchin E.G.J., Gaur H.S., Helder J., Jones M.G.K., Kikuchi T., Manzanilla-Lopez R., Palomares-Rius J.E., Wesemael W.M.L., Perry R.N. (2013) · Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology · p. 959 #6495279
• pathogen pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Incidence of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus... in Spain”

  Jones J.T., Haegeman A., Danchin E.G.J., Gaur H.S., Helder J., Jones M.G.K., Kikuchi T., Manzanilla-Lopez R., Palomares-Rius J.E., Wesemael W.M.L., Perry R.N. (2013) · Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology · p. 960 #6495280
• pathogen pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Breeding for resistance to pine wilt disease”

  Jones J.T., Haegeman A., Danchin E.G.J., Gaur H.S., Helder J., Jones M.G.K., Kikuchi T., Manzanilla-Lopez R., Palomares-Rius J.E., Wesemael W.M.L., Perry R.N. (2013) · Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology · p. 959 #6495288
• pest pressure · Bursaphelenchus spp. → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Some Bursaphelenchus species, vectored by wood-boring insects, are found in the trunk of coconut palm or pines”

  Perry R.N., Moens M., Jones J.T. (2024) · Plant Nematology, 3rd Edition · p. 4 #6493078
• pest pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “resulting in the death of the tree within a year of infection”

  Perry R.N., Moens M., Jones J.T. (2024) · Plant Nematology, 3rd Edition #6493310
• pest pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “vectored ectophoretically primarily on two longhorn beetles, Monochamus alternatus”

  Perry R.N., Moens M., Jones J.T. (2024) · Plant Nematology, 3rd Edition · p. 289 #6494282
• pest pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “transition from its beetle vector into the pine tree”

  Perry R.N., Moens M., Jones J.T. (2024) · Plant Nematology, 3rd Edition · p. 289 #6494284
• pest pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a member of the Aphelenchoidea, has been shown to contain cellulase and pectate lyase”

  Perry R.N., Moens M., Jones J.T. (2024) · Plant Nematology, 3rd Edition #6494285
• pest pressure · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus → Pinus spp. · effect: harmful

  “the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus”

  Perry R.N., Moens M., Jones J.T. (2024) · Plant Nematology, 3rd Edition · p. 415 #6494712