Ligustrum vulgare

Common Privet

Category: plantae
Primary role: weed
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Genus: Ligustrum

External: GBIF #3172300

0 AI-consensus-verified claims .

No verified claims involving this entity yet.

Genus-level evidence

1 claim where the source named the organism only at the genus or collective level (e.g. Ligustrum sp.) and did not determine the species. Listed separately because they apply to the genus, not specifically to Ligustrum vulgare.

pathogen pressure · Pseudomonas savastanoi → Ligustrum spp. · effect: harmful

“the knot disease of olive, oleander, and privet”

Unknown (Unknown) · History of Plant Pathology and Early Significant Plant Diseases (Chapter 1 Introduction) · p. 200 #6493763

Aggregated via GloBI — not independently verified by AgroEco.

facilitation 6

GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74874602
GloBI hasDispersalVector Erithacus rubecula Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI hasDispersalVector Sylvia atricapilla Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI hasDispersalVector Pica pica Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI hasDispersalVector Turdus merula Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI hasDispersalVector Turdus philomelos Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.

flower visitor 5

GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/128144677
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/338926256
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/312926280
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/279892254
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/361769856

pollination 62

GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/ElPea9/EuPPollNet/archive/df446ce3a2b0b0753777531aee32b965e41ebd7b.zip> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare doi:10.1007/s00442-022-05151-6 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/211700683
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120871268
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/288710302
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13526018
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/ElPea9/EuPPollNet/archive/df446ce3a2b0b0753777531aee32b965e41ebd7b.zip> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12907 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503606
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16522234
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/225457619
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/168047022
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/ElPea9/EuPPollNet/archive/df446ce3a2b0b0753777531aee32b965e41ebd7b.zip> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216501801
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216509520
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50878548
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216503002
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145851370
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/70220162
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503614
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/83988728
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503604
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147059
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147059
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13602164
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/163271740
GloBI eats Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234663030
GloBI eats Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234663031
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147055
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147055
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50878538
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503601
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/164456768
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare G.N. Stone et al., 2017. Dataset: Insect Pollinators Archive. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). NHM Portal, doi:10.5519/0062900 DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122045933
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare WorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro. Accessed at <https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1cJ0qX9ppqHoSyqFykwYJef-DFOzoutthBXjwKRY81T8/export?format=tsv&gid=776329546> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare WorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro. Accessed at <https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1cJ0qX9ppqHoSyqFykwYJef-DFOzoutthBXjwKRY81T8/export?format=tsv&gid=776329546> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare R.F. Comont et al., 2019. Bumblebee Conservation Trust: BeeWalk Annual Report 2020. Bumblebee Conservation Trust, doi:10.15468/xde3qb DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare T. J. Wood et al., 2017. Providing foraging resources for solitary bees on farmland: current schemes for pollinators benefit a limited suite of species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12718 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare Pocock, Michael J. O.; Evans, Darren M.; Memmott, Jane (2012), Data from: The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3s36r118. Accessed at <https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/40321> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare R. Gibson et al., 2009. Unpublished data in Orford et al., 2016 (Dryad Digital Repository). doi:10.1126/science.1214915 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI

attractant 73

GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/ElPea9/EuPPollNet/archive/df446ce3a2b0b0753777531aee32b965e41ebd7b.zip> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare doi:10.1007/s00442-022-05151-6 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/211700683
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120871268
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/288710302
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13526018
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/ElPea9/EuPPollNet/archive/df446ce3a2b0b0753777531aee32b965e41ebd7b.zip> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12907 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503606
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/16522234
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/225457619
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/168047022
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Lanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000. Accessed at <https://github.com/ElPea9/EuPPollNet/archive/df446ce3a2b0b0753777531aee32b965e41ebd7b.zip> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216501801
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216509520
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50878548
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216503002
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/128144677
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145851370
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/70220162
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503614
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/83988728
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503604
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74874602
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147059
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147059
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13602164
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/163271740
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/338926256
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/312926280
GloBI eats Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234663030
GloBI eats Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234663031
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147055
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147055
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/50878538
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/279892254
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/287503601
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/164456768
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare G.N. Stone et al., 2017. Dataset: Insect Pollinators Archive. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). NHM Portal, doi:10.5519/0062900 DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2016-03-08. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388
GloBI interactsWith Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/122045933
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare WorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro. Accessed at <https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1cJ0qX9ppqHoSyqFykwYJef-DFOzoutthBXjwKRY81T8/export?format=tsv&gid=776329546> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare WorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro. Accessed at <https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/u/1/d/1cJ0qX9ppqHoSyqFykwYJef-DFOzoutthBXjwKRY81T8/export?format=tsv&gid=776329546> on 23 May 2026.
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/361769856
GloBI hasDispersalVector Erithacus rubecula Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Poelen, J. H. Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5708970 (2021). DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI hasDispersalVector Sylvia atricapilla Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare R.F. Comont et al., 2019. Bumblebee Conservation Trust: BeeWalk Annual Report 2020. Bumblebee Conservation Trust, doi:10.15468/xde3qb DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare T. J. Wood et al., 2017. Providing foraging resources for solitary bees on farmland: current schemes for pollinators benefit a limited suite of species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12718 DOI
GloBI hasDispersalVector Pica pica Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI hasDispersalVector Turdus merula Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI hasDispersalVector Turdus philomelos Snow, B. and Snow, D. (1988). Birds and berries, Calton, England.
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI visits Ligustrum vulgare Pocock, Michael J. O.; Evans, Darren M.; Memmott, Jane (2012), Data from: The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3s36r118. Accessed at <https://datadryad.org/stash/downloads/file_stream/40321> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare R. Gibson et al., 2009. Unpublished data in Orford et al., 2016 (Dryad Digital Repository). doi:10.1126/science.1214915 DOI
GloBI visitsFlowersOf Ligustrum vulgare Russo, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47. Accessed at <https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/russo2022/archive/1bd53f013d878a3ebfdf1126e2708558973790f6.zip> on 23 May 2026. DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Balfour, N. J., Castellanos, M. C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A., & Johnson, C. (2022). DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103(11), e3801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3801 DOI
GloBI pollinates Ligustrum vulgare Redhead, J. W., Coombes, C. F., Dean, H. J., Dyer, R., Oliver, T. H., Pocock, M. J. O., Rorke, S. L., Vanbergen, A. J., Woodcock, B. A., & Pywell, R. F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b DOI

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